Introduction to Operators:

An operator does some operations on operands and the operation done is normally specified by operator's symbol.

In the example below, we use + operator to add two integers.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
            
int main() {               
    int num1, num2, result; //Declarations of num1, num2 & result variable
    num1 = 5;  //Assigning integer 5 to variable `num1`
    num2 = 7;  //Assigning integer 7 to variable `num2`
    result = num1 + num2;  //Storing the result of addition in `result`
    cout < < result; //Displays the result
    return 0;
}

Program Output:

12

Arithmetic Operators:

Operators used to perform common mathematical operations are known as arithmetic operators.

Operator Description Example
Addition (+) Used for adding two or more values. num1 + num2
Subtraction (-) Used for subtracting one value from another. num1 - num2
Multiplication (*) Used for multiplying two or more values. num1 * num2
Division (/) Used for dividing one value by another. num1 / num2
Modulus (%) Returns the division remainder num1 % num2
Increment (++) Increases the value of a variable by 1 a++
Decrement (--) Decreases the value of a variable by 1 a--

Relational Operators:

Operators used for comparing numeric, character or logical data are known as Relational Operators. The result of comparision can be either true or false.

Operator Description Example
Equal to (==) Checks if two values are equal. num1 == num2
Not Equal to (!=) Checks if two values are not equal. num1 != num2
Greater than (>) Checks if the left value is greater than right num1 > num2
Less than (<) Checks if the left value is less than right num1 < num2
Greater than equal to (>=) Checks if the left value is greater than equal to right num1 >= num2
Less than equal to (<=) Checks if the left value is less than or equal to right num1 <= num2

Assignment Operators:

Operators used for assigning values to the variables are called assignment operators. The left side operand of the assignment operator is a variable and right side operand of the assignment operator is a value.

Operator Description Example
= Assignment x = 5;
+= Add and assign x += 3
-= Subtract and assign x -= 2
*= Multiply and assign x *= 4
/= Divide and assign x /= 2
%= Modulus and assign x %= 2

Logical Operators:

Operators used to connect two or more conditions or expressions together are called logical operators.

Operator Description Example
&& Logical AND x && y
|| Logical OR x || y
! Logical NOT !x

Congratulations!

You've mastered the essential operators in C++. Now, you're equipped to manipulate data like a pro.